Yes, it is possible and often recommended to run fiber optic cables through conduit. This practice provides several benefits, including protection from physical damage, environmental hazards, and unauthorized access. Underground cables are pulled in conduit that is buried underground, usually 1-1. 2 meters (3-4 feet) deep to reduce the likelihood of accidentally being dug up. In extreme cold climates, cables may need to be buried at greater depths where there temperatures are colder and frost penetrates to. The existing 2" conduit contains 4x 1/0 XLPE cable (rated for direct-burial), so I plan on pulling outdoor rated, non-metallic fiber through the same conduit. My original plan was to trench new conduit and run CAT8, but given that the existing run is all "customer side" and installed by the former. Installing fiber optic cables underground involves far more than digging trenches and placing cables.
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